Brave New World Introduction Essay -- essays research papers fc

BRAVE NEW WORLD Introduction This novel was written by Aldous Huxley in 1932. It is a fable about a world express in the 7th century A.F. (after Ford), where social stability is based on a scientific caste system. Human beings, graded from highest intellectuals to lowest manual workers, hatched from incubators and brought up in communal nurseries, learn by methodical conditioning to accept they social destiny. The action of the story develops round Bernard Marx, and an unorthodox and therefore in a bad way(p) alpha- plus ( something had presumably gone wrong with his antenatal treatment), who vivits a new Mexican Reservetion and brings a savage back to London. The savage is at first hyp nonized by the bran-new World, but finally revolted, and his argument with Mustafa Mond, world controller, demonstrate the incompability of individual freedom and a scientifically trouble- free society. In defy New World Revisted 1958, Huxley reconsiders his prophecies and fears that some of th is might be coming true much sooner than he thought. In Brave New World, he turned to the apologue. It was a descion that has profound consequences upon his novels and upon his critical reputation. In a 1961 interview Huxley explained his conception of Brave New World. "The new forces of technology , pharmaceutics, and social conditioning can iron ultramodern humans into a kind of uniformity, if you were able to manipulate their genetic background. if you had a government unscrupulous enough you could do these things without any doubt.we are getting much and more into a position where these things can be achieved. And it is extremely important to realize this, and to take every possible precaution to see they shall be not achieved". One of the novels chief rethorical strategies is to make all readers recognize what so few characters can comprehend that preserving freedom and diversity is necessary to bend suffering the repressions fostered by shallow ideas of progress. Huxley makes his ironic stance clear from the beginning by contrasting the books title with the action of his first sight counterpoint to the novels opening at the central London Hatchering and Conditioning Center, a factory that creates on a conveyor belt the citizens for the Brave New World. BNW is one more memorable and successful for its overall portrayal of a society that for its delination of plot or psy... ...rminated by the State. The individuality of BNW is systematically stifled. A government bureau, the Predestinators, decides a prospective citizens role in the hierarchy. Children are raised and conditioned by the state bureaucracy, not brought up by inhering families. Respect belongs only to society as a whole. Citizens must not fall in love, marry or have their own kids. The individuals loyalty is owed to the state alone. BNW, then is centered around control and manipulation. Conclusion Those fears where the expectations of Aldous Huxley for a not too far future. Hi s predictions got close of what is doing today science, clones... Those are predictions that are getting fulfilled as prophecies and we should warned all this, because who knows if one day some of us become Alphas and others Betas and so on... Bibliography GRAN LAROUSE UNIVERSAL Barcelona.Ed. Plaza & Jans,1992 cryptic Companion to English Literature. Edited by Drabble and Jenny Stringer Revised Edition.Oxford University Press. New York, 1986 BAKER,PH. EMERSON,G., Et Al. Concise Companion of English Literature Biography. Modern Writers, 1914-1945. Vol. 6. Gale Research Inc. Detroit,MI.

Baldwin In A Microcosm :: essays research papers

Baldwin in a microcosm"Not everything that is faced can be changed plainly nothing can be changed until it is faced."- James Baldwin     Racism has been a part of American and world history for centuries, and has become a pattern in cultures. James Baldwin was an African-American author who, the likes of many black men and women, struggled against the inherent hate/racism in America. Baldwin had the opportunity to travel to a microcosmic Swiss village atop a push-down list. His story of the natives curiosity towards him and eventually fondness challenges the idea that racism is quickly overtaking the world. A microcosm, by definition is a representation of something on a smaller scale. In the Renaissance age, philosophers considered the world to be a macrocosm hosting millions of individual microcosms people. The term microcosm signifies the creation of the human being as a clear world. In contrast, macrocosm refers to the idea of the whole universe outs ide humanity. This idea that an individual person is a world unto himself, surely influenced Baldwin in the writing of his strive pertaining to the small Swiss village that was "virtually unknown" (124).The village that Baldwin verbosely writes about is not specified although he tells us that the warm springs are a tourist draw and that the village is "only four hours from Milan and three hours from Lausanne" (124), but this gives the reader little information about the city. The imagery that forms while reading the rush comes directly from the population of the village. The men, women, and children, are all astounded by Baldwins skin color and hair texture. Some of the inhabitants believed that Baldwins hair "was the color of tar, that it had the texture of wire, or the texture of cotton" (125). The sheer astonishment of the village natives took Baldwin by surprise, as did the young children shouting "Neger Neger" The people of the town, although geographically sheltered, are the same people that Baldwin knew as he grew up. He says that "America comes out of Europe, but these people have never seen America, nor have most of them seen more of Europe than the hamlet at the foot of their mountain" (127). Baldwin grew up in Harlem and suffered from racism in many ways. He recalls be called the very same derogatory word that the children in the Swiss village called him, but the difference was that the children in Harlem had an inbred racism and the Swiss children had never seen a black man before.

Shakespeares Macbeth - The Tragic Hero :: Macbeth essays

Macbeth Macbeth The Tragic Hero          The most recent meaning of the word Tragic Hero as defined by MicrosoftWorks dictionary is A hero of noble stature whose fortunes are reversed as aresult of weakness. Many characters in the play were affected by  calamity fora number of reasons, but without argue, Macbeth and his reverse of fortunes aredue to his own actions, and the rest of the cast were merely victims of this.Macbeths actions lead to his very nemises. From the beginning of the play thisdisaster of his was manifested through forces beyond human the supernatural ifyou will. These forces were that of the witches. The next factor in determininghis fate was his own decisions and actions. Lady Macbeth is the second reasonfor Macbeths tragedy without her abide in aiding his decision, Macbeth wouldhave never had the strength to lie, scheme, and destroy to such extremes. Thelast, and most devastating to Macbeth, was his cripled conscious wh ich made himact out of selfeshness and lust.  The sequence of these factors were mostdefenitely raise by the evilness and twisted nature of the witches, for if itwerent for their influence, then Macbeth would have never turned his desiresinto reality.         At the very beginning of the play Macbeth is nothing but a generalfighting for his country. His fellow fighters admire Macbeth, for in theireyes, and even in the eyes of the highest of authority, his nobility andcouragousness is looked up to. His success for his acheivement is rewarded, andhis confidence is made stronger because of this. But this is only if the beginning,and soon these good fortunes will come to a tragic end. The audience is thenintroduced to a group of witches. Three witches who appear as wicked andrepulsive. They appear to signify all that is wrong and corrupt. Macbeths over-confident attitude is the first characteristic the witches detect, and they takeadvantage of this trait to make his life as miserable as they possibly can. Heencounters the witches in Act1, scene1, and from this point he is now a stepcloser to realising what his future holds... so he thinks. The witches firstaddress Macbeth as king, and Banguo as one Lesser than Macbeth.(1.2.65) Infact,Macbeth isnt king, never the less, the witches insist in prophecising that heis and will be. The witches are already planting seeds of persuation into hishead which are made to charge into tragedy. These destructive and manipulativeforces the witches have power over alter his viewpoints about his values and

Civilisation And Savagery :: essays research papers

When the boys first arrived on the island they automatically seeked for some kind of law and order since there be not any grown-ups. They want to belong to a group, with someone in charge to poke out them, and make them feel safe. After being chosen in a democratic election, Ralph becomes this leader. Ralphs society becomes a symbol of the democratic society, where everyone has their rights and an equal say. He assigned the choir as hunters and Jack the position of being the leader of them. The conch becomes an outstanding symbol for authority and civilisation, anyone who holds it has the right to be heard. In Ralphs society everyone works for the benefit of the whole group. Building shelters, looking for food and keeping the fire active are the three most important issues. After a period of time this society starts to brake up. With the fear of the beastie, the boys have become terrified of this creature which lead up to the death of Simon and then Piggy. But there is a differen ce between these two deaths, as Simons death was accidental and Piggys death was deliberate. This shows the darkness internal mans heart, which is released when mankind becomes savages. Fear is what provokes savagery, as Roger lost control of his actions because of fear. With the destruction of the conch along with the death of Piggy, it also shows the destruction of authority and civilisation.Jack and the hunters show that mankind are inheritantly evil, if left alone to take care of themselves, fear will turn tem into the savage roots of the ancestors. This is shown near the end of the novel with the killing of piggy and the hunt club of Ralph. Though at first Jack felt guilty for killing Simon, because he was still civilised, however as time goes on it turns into a smart for blood, to kill anything that stands in his way to become the leader of the island.Ralph represents fairness and morality while Jack represents evil and the decay of civilisation. Piggy symbolizes the law an d order of the area they left behind.

Essay --

The beauty glorification issuing is the principle that people with good looking atomic number 18 going to have a break away life. According to the beauty halo effect, attractive people are automatically attributed with more qualities than unattractive people, they are attributed a notion of talent and are considered as more socially attractable and desirable. This paper is going to define more precisely what the beauty halo effect is. Then it will define what conceit formation is and how the attractiveness halo effect can affect the first impression. Finally it will briefly explain what impression management, and finally explain the mathematical function of the beauty halo effect in impression formation and management.The beauty halo effect has become a strong phenomenon in social psychology nowadays. The beauty halo effect can also be called the physical attractiveness stereotype and the what is beautiful is good principle (Lewis-Beck, Bryman and Liao, 2004). The halo effect makes persona to the temperament of people to better rate attractive people for their personality traits than the individuals that are qualified less attractive (Lewis-Beck, Bryman and Liao, 2004). The psychologist Edward Thorndike first wrote about the halo effect phenomenon in his paper The Constant Error in Psychological Ratings in 1920. He noticed in his work that ratings were apparently affected by the turn tailency to think of a person in general as rather good or rather inferior and to color the judgments of the qualities by this general feelings (Lachman and Bass, 2001). The halo effects explain the fact that early aspects influence the interpretation of later aspects (Forgas, 2011). Since the first definition of the halo effects made by Thorndike in 1920, this opinion has been the subject... ...mpression that others create on them, that is why in order to reach their wanted outcomes individuals will manage their presentation. In any interaction they have with others, p eople are concerned with they way they are perceived by the other persons (Leary and Allen, 2011). When people want to make a positive first impression they automatically tend to present the aspects of their personality that are the most in accordance with the image they want to provide of themselves (Leary and Allen, 2011). For instance, if a woman has a meeting with her priapic boss, she may manage her image to look serious, friendly, gentle, humorous and attractive in order to be perceived as competent, hard worker and responsible by her male boss (Leary and Allen, 2011). As beauty halo effect influence a lot the impression formation, it also considerably influences the impression management.

Essay --

The debaucher air effect is the principle that mess with good looking are going to have a better life. According to the beauty anchor ring effect, attractive people are automatically attributed with more qualities than unattractive people, they are attributed a notion of talent and are considered as more socially attractable and desirable. This subject is going to define more precisely what the beauty halo effect is. Then it will define what impression formation is and how the draw halo effect can affect the first impression. Finally it will briefly apologize what impression management, and finally explain the role of the beauty halo effect in impression formation and management.The beauty halo effect has become a strong phenomenon in social psychology nowadays. The beauty halo effect can also be called the physical attractiveness stereotype and the what is beautiful is good principle (Lewis-Beck, Bryman and Liao, 2004). The halo effect makes reference to the tendency of peopl e to better rate attractive people for their character traits than the individuals that are qualified less attractive (Lewis-Beck, Bryman and Liao, 2004). The psychologist Edward Thorndike first wrote about the halo effect phenomenon in his paper The Constant Error in Psychological Ratings in 1920. He noticed in his work that ratings were apparently affected by the tendency to think of a person in general as rather good or rather inferior and to color the judgments of the qualities by this general feelings (Lachman and Bass, 2001). The halo effects explain the fact that early aspects influence the interpretation of later aspects (Forgas, 2011). Since the first definition of the halo effects made by Thorndike in 1920, this concept has been the subject... ...mpression that others create on them, that is why in order to reach their wanted outcomes individuals will manage their presentation. In any interaction they have with others, people are concerned with they management they are p erceived by the other persons (Leary and Allen, 2011). When people want to make a positive first impression they automatically tend to present the aspects of their personality that are the most in accordance with the discover they want to provide of themselves (Leary and Allen, 2011). For instance, if a woman has a meeting with her male boss, she may manage her image to look serious, friendly, gentle, humorous and attractive in order to be perceived as competent, hard worker and responsible by her male boss (Leary and Allen, 2011). As beauty halo effect influence a lot the impression formation, it also considerably influences the impression management.

Magnolia Essay

In July 1992, Magnolia corporation publicly repugnd xemexco marketing corporation markers of zest o brand succus drinks to find out the real fruit heart and soul of magnolia fruit drinks and to prove that the zest o does not use chemical ingredients to preserve their productions. Magnolia claim that there is a risky difference between real fruit drinks that contains at least 10% real juice and artificial fruit drinks which contain less than 10% and attend more on artificial flavoring and chemical preservatives such as sodium benzoate to keep some products from easily spoiling. You are a marketing music director of zest o, what would you do to the public challenge of magnolia assuming a. You dont have at least 10% juice contentb. You have at least 10% juice contentA. Accepting the challenge of magnolia knowing that your product doesnt have at least 10% juice content would be a great factor of slumping your product sales, as a marketing manager of Zest O I wouldnt accept the c hallenge of magnolia because it would lead to downfall of my product Being the marketing manager of Zest-O changing the products name packaging and adding more nutritional content is the best alternative so that the consumers will not focus on the product nutritional content but on the new look of product .B. Accepting the challenge of magnolia would be a great opportunity by increasing the sales of our product in the market by returning the favor in them that what if we prove that our product do have 10 % juice content. Ingredient list is very helpful in determining nutritional content. A lengthy list of ingredients is another(prenominal) clue for the people that our product is not 100 percent fruit juice, but rather a fruit flavored drink or fruit juice blend so that the consumers are aware that our product have at least 10% percent real fruit drink, so they wont have to worry about our product safety.

RSA Guideline

Establishment of Operational Road Safety Engineering Units in the Road Authorities (Pads) of 2 Southern States of India Slash Chancre Triad, supranational Road Safety Specialist It is recognized that the in order to mend road honestty it is vital for institutional strengthening, capacity building and reform to desperately take place in the road sector.The Tasks of Technical Assistance Services under two assignments as already addressed in Kraal-India (the World-Bank financed EST. I take to for PAD) ND are currently being addressed in Karakas-India (DAB financed PRAM Project for PAD) are Road safety tools and techniques vital for roads to be safe and sustainable Institutional strengthening and reform by providing adequate on and off training and introducing well-proven and appropriate proactive and reactive engineering approaches / measures and educational aspects to improve road safety.The author will briefly address regarding various activities performed and topics addressed. Such as Safe Road Management System, 5 Pillars, Crash Data Collection, Database, digest and Reports for dissemination Road Safety Engineering Economics Low Cost Counter Measures and Program Vulnerable Road Users History of Road Safety audited account with Stages, Checklists and Report Road Safety Review and Inspection Operations Processes, Procedures, Manuals and Guidelines Strategies and Policies Road Safety Co-ordination and Action Plan International Practices Road Safety Engineering connect Awareness Campaigns InstitutionalStrengthening and Capacity Building Organizational structure, Training Need Assessment, Job-descriptions On and Off the Job-Training and Standards Monitoring and Evaluations Innovations and developments In Traffic Control Devices (signs and marking materials) RAP procural of road safety tools (such as book, code, software and equipment) Crash Barriers School Zone Treatments Case studies. Also discussions on the most up-to-date concepts, principles and pract ices for Institutional reform In the road safety.

Ikea report Essay

Executive summaryThis report describes the importance of market research, the target market and market segmentation. How a business cease use a situation analysis and SWOT to provide a direction for Ikea. This examines how types of customers and stealer behaviour will impact merchandising strategies. Evaluates as a key marketing strategy for Ikea as a case study. Analyses marketing strategies fire be used to achieve marketing objectives and describes or so ethical and legal things that a business must manage and respond to while marketing. Business OverviewIkea is a well-known global brand with hundreds of stores across the world. In grade to improve performance, it must assess its external and competitive environment. This will reveal the key opportunities it can take advantage of and the threats it must deal with. Ikea responds to both(prenominal) internal and external issues in a proactive and dynamic manner by using its strengths and reducing its weaknesses. Through this, I kea is able to generate the strong suppuration it needs to retain a strong identity in the market. Ikeas passion combines propose, low legal injurys, economical use of resources, and responsibility for people and the environment. The companys products, processes and systems all demonstrate its environmental stance. For example, clever use of packaging and design means more items can fit into a crate, which means fewer slant journeys. This in turn reduces Ikeas carbon footprint. Ikea believes that there is no compromise between doing good business and being a good business. It aims to go beyond profitability and reputation. Ikea is intent on becoming a leading example in developing a embodyable business. This will create a break up everyday life for its customers. food market researchWhen Ikea conducts market research it is important that the business first determines its information needs. The business should possess some idea about the type of information it is looking for. It could vary from customer profiles or brand awargonness through to attitudes towards certain new products. Once its information needs atomic number 18 established, the business can determine the most appropriate research method. This is primarily usurpe by IKEA group although individual stores would use sales reports in order togather data about the types of customers and popular products that are particular to the area or store. The Target MarketThe target market is a group of customers for whom a particular product has been developed. The business hopes that these people will buy the product when it is made available in the marketplace. Some products appeal to all consumers, while others have limited appeal. A business needs to understand the nature of consumer markets. The three types of markets Ikea appeals to are Consumer, Mass and niche. The products in Ikea produce are universal to all and with their savourless pack design they fall into the niche market. Ikea focuses o n meeting the customer demands and satisfying their needs. Ikeas main focus is that of the selling orientation. Market segmentationMarket segmentation is the process of breaking down a total market into small markets It allows businesses to focus their efforts and resources on a section of the market. By focusing on a particular target group, It would consider the features that consumers of this target group would be looking for in a product, the appropriate promotional strategies to generate awareness of and sustain interest in the product, and the most suitable pricing policies and distribution channels. Market segmentation and product/service differentiation,Demographic segmentation, dividing consumers into groups based on selected demographics, so that different groups can be treated deferent Situation analysis and SWOTSituation analysis is the way in which a business can examine the sure position at heart the market and provides them with direction for their marketing campaig n. SWOT is the first stage of curriculumning and looks at the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats involved in a project or business venture. For example, one of Ikeas key strengths is its strategic aim to use no more material than necessary in the production of each item. wiz particular table, the NORDEN table, uses knotty birch wood. The knots in this wood usually mean it is rejected by other retailers and manufacturers as unsuitable for use. However, IKEA has made the knots part of its design feature. Types of customers.psychographic segmentation, this is based on lifestyle and personality, values and interest, Ikea does not divide the store into sections but you have to walk through the whole store before you can exit, this is a strategy to sell more products. The types of customers vary from people, households, firms, educational institutions, government, clubs and societies, religious organisations. The customers that account for most of Ikeas sale is the bold cu stomer.Ikea is a business that is not aiming towards a purchase occasion but the usage rate of their product, being household items they aim for their products to last well and function to a good spirit standard. Ikea has a good user loyalty with a wide range of buyers from the types of customers. Consumers see how affordable Ikea products are and how well they last, as long as they dont mind putting the product together. The buying process would not be different from Ikea customers but the free yearly catalogue gives purchasers time to plan a trip to Ikea as the Ikea stores are not usually located conveniently due to the large floor space required to house their product.Ikea stores are not usually located outside the inner metropolitan area for this reason. There are psychological, sociocultural, economic and government reasons why people shop or dont shop are Psychological segmentationBranding.Ikea is ranking 41 in the worlds most valuable brands. The brand pee-pee alone is wort h 8 million. The brand image for Ikea stands for affordable, contemporary design and its flat pack product range that gives Ikea its identity. The brand name or logo fundamentally provides a message to the people of the quality and value associated with that product, when they see it they immediately form judgements on the quality, a strong brand name is essentially enhancing the relationship between a business and its customer.Marketing and strategiesProductIkeas products are tangible, Product matters because it is the reason that customers go to Ikea in the first place. Ikea has the market in flat pack furniture and the unique design attracts customers and meets their needs, this product could include the prestige of owning the product which would also relate to psychological factors. PlacePlace matters because it is how the customers feeler the product. The Ikea experience is more than just products, it is a retail concept laid out in such a way that families, singles, couples e tc. can make happy shopping for furniture. A day at Ikea has been described as more of an outing than a shopping trip. PricePrice matters because it is at the heart of the Ikea concept. tight pack furniture cannot compete on price with upmarket, fully assembled pieces, so it is essential that Ikea continues to keep its prices below the competition. Price including pricing methods, market and competition based, controversy based pricing is the commonly used pricing strategy. PromotionPromotion is the most public aspect of marketing and it matters because it helps to drive customers into the stores in order to buy furniture.Ethical and legal.Ikea is recognised as a business that is both legally and ethically a responsible business that looks beyond profit and develops a incontrovertible workforce with these practices, advertising is very powerful in developing the wrong or wright idea and misleading advertising is bad ethics. Developing products in tertiary world country is consi dered unethical because they get payed well below minimum wage. Ikea produces environmentally responsible products, the flat pack design would be argued that it minimizes wastage and the cardboard would be environmentally friendly. The role of consumer law deals withDeceptive and misleading advertising which could be false information about products features and content, false special offers which dont know andoverstating the benefits that a product will provide to the consumer. Price discrimination, giving preference to some retail stores by providing them with lower prices than is offered to the competitors of those retailers. The competitor and consumer act aims to discourage the price discrimination in the business environment. Implied conditions and warranties is a great way for a business to ensure the product will last at least the warranty time, this attracts customers and the consumer expects the business to fulfill their legal obligation to provide a refund or replacement or the product if there is a manufacturing problem within the warranted date, regardless the business by law. Resale price maintenance, this aims to balance the profit maximization of a business, Ikea ensures that the quality of a product in one country doesnt differ from another. A manufacturer cannot refuse to sell the goods to a retailor if the retailor intends to sell the product for below the recommended price.

Christopher Columbus Essay

Christopher capital of Ohio has been commemorated in hundreds of thousands of ways across North and South America. He has roads named in his honor, towns, structures and even Americas capital Is capital of Ohio truly deserving of these admirations though? After all, he did discover the land that we inhabit today so how could anybody have any issues with this voyagers endeavors? Countless people miss the fact though that there were already humans occupying what we know as North America today. Numerous people were taught earliest on all of the accomplishments capital of Ohio made, but overlook the full truth of this celebrated man.The question then comes to be Who is Christopher Columbus? Is he truly the roast that many Americans title a hero? The man whose expedition was the paramount stage in an extensive course that eventually created the United States? Or, is Columbus the damage character that many have suggested. In the autumn of 1451, the wife of a wool-weaver in Genoa gave b irth to a boy who was destined to change the course of history. Columbus is believed to have been born somewhere between August 26th and October 31. He was the eldest son of Domenico Colombo, a Genoese wool worker and merchant, and Susanna Fontanarossa, his wife, and was raised in their Christian household. (Christopher Columbus, Britannica)Columbus was commissioned by the king and queen of Spain to find a route to the Indies. However, he sailed the opposite designateion of his intended goal by crossing the Atlantic and landing in the Americas, resulting in the discovery of the New land for Spain. This discovery was a major point in not scarce European history, but world history. From this, Christopher Columbus gained status as somewhat of a hero to his people during one of the darkest times in Europes history. He lived during a time when Europe was in great turmoil caused by disease, famine, and religious persecution. It was also the beginning of an era when finding a direct tra de route to the Indies was important. The misconception behind the goal of Columbus voyages is that he was not out to achieve wealth alone, but to begin the final expansion of the credo that would bring in the end of time. Columbus believed in the Bible and that it was his duty to spread Christianity to the Indians. Until very recently, every schoolchild was taught that Christopher Columbus discovered the New World.Columbus was depicted as a brave and determined sailor who singlehandedly convinced Queen Isabella of Spain to fund his voyage. In history books, Columbus was portrayed as a true hero a man who made it possible for millions of European immigrants to start fresh in a new land. Now, this image of Christopher Columbus is organism challenged. Many historians and others claim that Columbus did not discover anything. Before he arrived, the New World already had been discovered by others, Leif Ericksson among them. In addition, the New World was already populated by over five h undred Native American tribes.To call Columbuss voyage a discovery would be like taking a hundred people, landing in Italy, and saying that these people discovered Italy. Christopher Columbus may have encountered or collided with the New World, but he did not discover it. Many historians argue though that whether Columbuss voyages are called a discovery, an encounter, or a collision does not matter. No one can deny that Columbus made Europe aware of the New World, and that this awareness had a great impact. It was Columbus who started this new awareness. It is Columbus who should be credited with it. They believe that celebrating Columbuss voyages is to celebrate the beginning of the new world as we know it today.Works Cited1) Summerhill, Stephen J., and John Alexander Williams. Sinking Columbus Contested History, Cultural Politics, and Mythmaking during the Quincentenary. Gainesville University of Florida, 2000. Print. 2) Bradford, Ernle. Christopher Columbus. New York, NY Viking, 1973. Print. 3) Szumski, Bonnie, and JoAnne Buggey. Christopher Columbus Recognizing Stereotypes. San Diego, CA Greenhaven, 1992. Print.4) Christopher Columbus. Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. Encyclopdia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 27 Nov. 2012.

Project Plan Management Essay

ABSTRACTIn recent years, there has been a lot of progress in the association area of experience heed however, many companies continue ignoring the techniques and tools that assist the conduct of regorges. The purge planning manikin is considered, by many scholars, a crucial story for the success completion of a project, especi bothy when it comes to multi-project environments where managers and team members participate in multiple, concurrent projects. The primary(prenominal) objective of this project is to intent the many project management techniques and tools to plan a Fitness Festival to educate the Tampa Bay community more or less the benefits of fittingness and health while promoting the sport of CrossFit. switch HISTORY separately year, the United Health Foundation and the American Public Health Association team up to rank the health of Americas states. I was move to read that Florida was ranked number 33, behind many states like Colorado (ranked 8), and Minnesota ( ranked 3). How could a state named The Sunshine State be so clinical depression in the rankings? And how could I help change that? Three years ago, I was introduced to CrossFit, and since then, my own health has changed radically. I stopped smoking, started to exercise often, and while learning about nutrition changed the way I eat. It not only changed my lifestyle, but I noticed it started to change my family and friends as well. In educating people around me about the benefits of a healthy lifestyle, they became motivated to try it themselves.PROJECT OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this project is to create Fitness Festival that can educate the community about the benefits of fitness and health while promoting the sport of CrossFit. CrossFit combines aerobic conditioning, Olympic weightlifting, gymnastics along with some another(prenominal) old-school training elements like kettlebell, rope climbs, tire flipping and sledgehammer into unremarkable WODs ( cypherout of the day) (Upton 201 3). By using Project counselling skills, I give be able to provide a vision of what the project is to achieve, communicate the vision to all involved, ensure that e actuallyone stays focused on the vision, motivate all involved, as well as coordinate all tasksnecessary to complete the project (Kleim, 1998).PROJECT SCOPEThe first step in the planning process was to identify exactly what was to be delivered as well as the major elements of work (Heerkens, 2002). The main goal of the project was to educate the community about the benefits of a healthy lifestyle, but we also wanted to focus on promoting CrossFit. We know that CrossFit athletes are real competitive, so what a better way to promote the sport, but to create a friendly tilt among Tampa Bay Crossfit athletes? All tasks had to be completed on a lower floor the approval budget of $ coulomb0. DELIVERABLESFinalize Location of EventDevelop Competition conveyoutsPlan Marketing StrategyInventory of EquipmentObtain Sponsors an d/ or VendorsObtain inscription of Resources/ VolunteersEntertainmentMILESTONESReserve competition location- January 18th 2014Create event flyers, website and social media- January 31st 2014Finalize workouts-February 10th 2014Confirm vendors and volunteers- February 17th 2014Organize swag bags- February twenty-fourth 2014Host Competition- March 1st 2014TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTSLocation must accommodate the intended number of athletes and spectatorThere must be at to the lowest degree 1 judge for e very team competingLocation must have bathroomsAll Athletes must sign a release formASSUMPTIONSAt least 15 athletes impart sign up to competeVolunteers allow for not receive monetary compensationSponsors and vendors will ante up an entry feeLIMITS AND EXCLUSIONSSponsors and vendors will bring their own tent, table and chairsDJ is responsible for all music equipment including a microphoneCUSTOMER REVIEWTaylor Smith and Nicole SmithWORK breakdown STRUCTUREThe Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is developed by sub-diving a process, product, project, or service into its major work elements, then breaking the major work elements into sub-elements (Stewart, 1995). The WBS is the skeleton and foundation of every project and acts as the projects major support mechanism (Dow, 2010). I have found it to be useful in not only projects, but also in any brainstorming session. It helps team members remember all major portions of work to be accomplished (Stewart, 1995). Creating a focus helps organize the team and therefore, assure that all major deliverables are recognized.The WBS graphically displays all the work items for the project in a single chart (Dow, 2010), so it can be used as a helpful communication tool. The WBS is also used to compress the possibility of overlap, duplication and redundancy of tasks (Stewart, 1995). There is a lot of misconception that the WBS is an organizational chart or a schedule. PMs have to be very careful in explaining the function of the WBS as i t does not have a sequence and should not be used as the projects schedule.PROJECT NETWORKThe network diagrams purpose is to sequence and logically assemble all tasks on a project. Its an organization of the project layout (Dow, 2010). It allows for the PM to know what tasks are being worked on, their duration, when they should start and when they should finish, along with any predecessors and successors. Furthermore, the PM should identify the projects critical itinerary in localise to assign the best team members to those tasks, as those tasks are critical to maintain cost and schedule savings (Warburton, 2013). CRITICAL PATHThe critical path will assist with maintaining control and keeping the project on schedule. The critical path is derived by performing two manipulations of the schedule- a forward pass and a reflexive pass. The forward pass calculates the earliest snips (or dates) that activities can start and finish. The backward pass calculates the latest times (or date s) that activities can start and finish (Heerkens, 2002). The critical path is the longest path and the shortest time in which a project can be completed (Warburton, 2013). The critical path activities are the ones the PM needs to pay roughly attention to as one day of slippage in a critical path activity means one day of slippage in the overall project.COST ESTIMATEI started my project with a high level/ macro estimation. I used my experience from a previous In-House competition I planned as the basis for estimating the current competition event I am planning. While this method is less costly than other techniques, in most cases it is also less accurate (Hill, 2009). Even though the end deliverable (host a competition) is the analogous, there are a lot of balances between In-house and a community competition. The scope is much larger, the timeline is greater, a lot more resources are needed, etc. This is why a Bottoms-Up or Micro estimate is a better technique. This type of est imate is used when the PM wants to improve the estimate and account for risk and estimation uncertainty(Heldman, 2013). Unfortunately, this technique is hard to do in the beginning stage of the project because there is not enough information at that time. The best time to use this technique is after the PM finalizes the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). During this technique, the PM will estimate the cost of each activity in the WBS. The cost and accuracy are driven by the size of it of the individual work packages- smaller work packages increase both cost and accuracy (Hill, 2009).The calculations used in the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) progress recognize the variability inherent in each activity and applies rudimentary statistics in a way that accommodates the variability (Heerkens, 2002). PERT uses three estimates. The most apt(predicate) time is the effort to complete a task under normal or reasonable conditions. The most pessimistic time is the effort to com plete a task under the worst conceivable mountain. The most optimistic is the effort to complete a task under the best or ideal circumstances (Kleim, 1998). PERT CALCULATIONEstimated Cost = Optimistic Estimate + 4* (most likely estimate) + Pessimistic Estimate6$800 + 4* ($1,000) + ($1,500) = $1,0506EXTERNAL BUDGETThis project is not expected to warrant a profit. Its objective is to educate the community about health, nutrition and the sport of CrossFit. Sponsors, including apparel stores, equipment stores, etc. will pay a fee of $250.00 each. The funds will go towards each athletes swag bag (which will include a competition t-shirt). The fee will also be used for the purchase of t-shirts for volunteers and judges. All Vendors, including vitamin stores, sports drinks, and any food vendor will pay a fee of $100.00 each. The fee will be used for the marketing of the competition which will include all vendors information and advertising.RISKSRisk management is a proactive attempt to re cognize what can go persecute and to plan ahead (Warburton 2013). Risk reporting is the act of informing team managers and senior management of those risks. RISKSCONSEQUENCESNot enough athletes will sign upPotential cancellation of project Judges/ volunteers dont show up on competition dayDelay and over-allocation of resources Athlete does not sign a waiver and gets hurt during competitionLiability to the Sponsor shoes damage caused by heavy equipment Cost not in budgetEARNED VALUE (EV)The earned value concept consists of examining the past, present, and future in order to determine the end point. IDBaseline EstimateSpent to DateCost to Complete Revised ForecastUnder (Over)1$1,000$200$600$800$2001.2$200$200$0$200$01.3$100$0$100$100$01.4$100$150$0$150($50)1.5$80$95$0$95($15)TOTAL$1480$645$700$1,345$135*** Local companies donated money towards the project in strike for advertisement, which covered some costs wi excellent the planned budget*** RECOMMENDATIONS/ LESSONS LEARNEDEven th ough I understood that the project scope was one of the most significant documents, I did not invest an appropriate amount of time to fully understand all aspects of the project (Heerkens, 2002). That caused a lot of wasted time on my part, as I struggled maintaining the timeline and handling over-allocation of resources. During the WBS exercise, I was clueless on what to do, so I kept focusing on how to deliver a task andended up wasting a lot of my teams time. After understanding the purpose of the exercise, I was able to focus on what work was needed to be performed and not how to do it. The PM needs to make sure every team member understands the concepts of what each exercise is. many a(prenominal) SMEs, stakeholders, etc. are not familiar with project management skills. When I was working on the network diagram, I realized I made the wrong assumption on the duration of some tasks, and had to adjust those times in order to meet the deadline.That created even more pressure on t he, already stretched thin resources. I also had to combine some tasks in order to simplify the diagram. The once separated tasks of commitment from Athletes, Sponsors, and Vendors are now combined and have the same duration time. After learning the importance of having the best people assigned to critical activities, I had to shift the assignments of resources and add other volunteers to help with the planning phase of the project. Also, I could have done a better job recognizing changes in the critical path through the ongoing schedule updates. If not done, the PM could very well spend time, money, and resources fighting fires that dont necessarily matter (i.e. not in the critical path). (Heerkens, 2002). Understanding the cost estimate is extremely important as it will drive the project. It took me a long time to understand the concept in relation to my project, as resources were volunteers (not paying(a)) and a lot of the budget came from fees paid by vendors and sponsors.In hi ndsight, I would have preferred picking a different type of project- one that I could clearly explain each cost. The biggest foiling and biggest lessons learned came from MS Project. Not being familiar with the application I struggled completing that assignment. I learned the tool is excellent and hope to use in the near future however, the PM should not attempt to promise to deliver something without having a basic knowledge of the process or tool being used. I had planned to run the schedule based on a 7 day/ week work schedule however, could not figure out how to accurately change it in MS Project, so I had to constantly manipulate the tasks and duration to try to fit the timeline. I hope to run the same exercises and use the same tools during the next CrossFit completion I get involved in. I am curious to see how I go about it and see the difference in results.REFERENCESDow, W. (2010) Project Management Communications Bible, John Wiley & Sons, 2010. Heldman, K. (2013). PMP Proj ect Management Professional Exam Study Guide. John Wiley & Sons, 2013 Heerkens, G. (2002) Project Management, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2002 Hill, G. (2009). The Complete Project Management Methodology and Toolkit. CRC Press, 2009. Kleim, R. and Ludin, I. (1998) Project Management Practitioners Handbook, AMACOM Books, 1998. Stewart, D. and Wyskida, R. (1995) Cost Estimators Reference Manual, John Wiley & Sons, 1995. Upton, J. (2013, May 10). The CrossFit Craze 5 Reasons You Need to draw off In on It. Blog post. Retrieved from http//www.huffingtonpost.com/julie-upton/crossfit_b_3240705.html Warburton, R. and Kanabar, V. (2013). The Art and Science of Project Management. RW Press, 2013.

Philosophy of Mind Essay

Since centuries, our philosophers stir been trying to unravel mysteries of our memory, thought processes, different emotions, will violence and imaginations culminating into what is known as different intellectual and conscious assort of our personality. Our encephalon, as our great literary figures have posited, is a stream of our consciousness and is a part of our brains inherent processes. Our bear in mind is a place where our reasoning power finds the variant and requires the pr practiceical form. As also said in Indian Vedic philosophy, He who knows the receptacle (Ayatana) verily becomes the receptacle of his people. Mind is verily the receptacle (of all our knowledge). (Chhandogya Upanishad, V-i-5.)Different studies by our philosophers have been compounded into various theories each delving into the depth of various aspects of our mind processes. Its earliest studies have been found in the works of Zarathushtra, Mahatma Budha, Plato, Aristotle, Adi Shankara and many more ancient Greek and Indian Philosophers. Many of the pre scientific philosophers based their theories on alliance between the mind and the soul, super instinctive elements of faith, having a feeling of closeness with divinity or god, but on the early(a) hand modern theorists based their theories on their research and scientific studies of the brain.These theories rely heavily on the fact that the mind is a phenomenon of the brain and is a tantamount of consciousness. The study of the relationship between the automobile trunk and mind is the nearly central aspect to the philosophy of mind, despite of the fact that in that respect are number of issues related to the nature of the mind which does not take into consideration its relationship to the physical body.The most crucial and complex differences of thoughts are arising among different theorists regarding the exact and most appropriate theory of mind. Though various theorists have developed their own different versions to receive us understand our own extending of mind yet as more and more theories are access up, more and more it is getting difficult to come out with the best theory of all.As all theories are able to capture the intensity of readers to make us understand the core of our mind and thoughts, yet it is very challenging to understand Which is the best? Here I am trying to unravel the enigma to understand which theory-Dualism, mind-brain identity or functionalism is a correct theory to understand all about mind.Dualism is a most important school of thought that has essay to solve the most paradoxical and most important relationship of mind and body problems. It has tried to make several(prenominal) attempts to sure that mind and body in some way or the other detach from each other. Roots of Dualism dates far back to Plato, Aristotle and the Sankhya and Yoga schools of Hindu philosophy but in a most precise way it was understood by Rene Descartes only in the 17th century. His philosoph ical disposition is based on the fact that the mind is independent in itself and constitutes cardinal different kinds of substances like res extensa meaning extended things, physical things and res cogitans means thinking things, (Descartes, Online Edition ).The thinking things are beyond the dimensions of quantify and space and are thus separate in itself whereas Property dualists thinks that there are several independent properties known to us. It is quite clear from his disposition that he is trying to explain the importance and concept of soul, giving religious discourse. But in this all, he has tried to explain that there is an interaction of mind in pineal gland, from where there is a control on bodily actions and receive sensory perceptions.But this approach of Dualism is not without criticism as its properties are more of dubious in nature. Their theory is based on religion and their ardent faith but no element of scientific fact is found in this. If we visualize and under stands that if there is a soul in our physical body and the soul can have drastic effect then it is quite natural that it should be able to generate new energy to bring the bodies into moment. It is argued that if the soul exists and it can affect the body then it must be able to realize new energy to move the body, but this is sheer violation of the theory of the conservation principle. Owen Flanagan, in his The Science of the Mind says,If the mind according to Descartes is not a physical system therefore it also could not have any energy to prove herself but in-order to increase this physical energy, the need of the hour is to get it transferred from other physical system but it is not possible. (Owen Flanagan, pp. 21, Mind creators.com).To overcome the limitations of the Dualism, several philosophers and psychologists began to ignore the very concept and existence of mind itself and by doing so their expectations to touch the cord of mind began to flow towards the realistic part s of our lives. Therefore in the beginning the new generation of philosophers came up with what is known as reference Identity Theory. They posters the view that though the structure of every persons brain is similar yet in the brain of every person there are certain differences therefore it is not possible to find oneself in a position of same neurological state.Therefore this theory soon took the shape of Token Taken theory implying that if there are two people having different neuropsychological states, then what is it that brings them into the same mental state? And to this they answered that it is due to the function of those two states only that had created them same. This leads to functionalism theory, which says that, Two different brain-state tokens would be tokens of the same type of mental state if the two brain states had the same causal relations to the enter stimulus that the organism receives, to its various other mental states, and to its output behavior. (Function alism, online edition).In simple words, he said that there were supposed to be two thoughts, which are same, and all of the inputs, internal and external, lead to the same output. With this statement, psychologists tried to bring all the conditions of the mind set in equilibrium. This leads to the functionalism theory.Though there are several problems to this approach too yet we can very say that if this theory of functionalism is adopted, it will take us into next major breakthrough, but all is not well with Functionalism too as it failed to explain in clear terms the fact that even if there are conditions of different physical states which gives different real(a) phenomenon, then there is no possibility of different physical structures to regain equality. .While there is a great controversy to come at the concrete conclusion about which one is correct theory of mind,, but it is a matter of fact that functionalism is the most popular theory among scientists as well as philosophers of today. According to this theory, all the aspects of mental state like beliefs, pains, hopes, fears, etc. depends and are divided on the bases of their activity and are characterized by the jobs they do, or in other words according to the functions that they perform. Just like computers understands the main idea behind our thoughts process in the same way our brains captures our thought processes from our mind and induces us to act accordingly.WORKS CITEDAnderson, David. Introduction to Functionalism Consortium on Mind/Brain Science Instruction. Internet. (2006) Available http//www.mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/functionalism_intro/functionalism_intro.php?modGUI=44&compGUI=1403&itemGUI=2447, surround 5, 2008Cofer, David. Dualism MindCreators.Com Internet. (2002) Availablehttp//www.mindcreators.com/Dualism.htm, March 5, 2008Cofer, David. Functionalism MindCreators.Com Internet. (2002) Available http//www.mindcreators.com/Functionalism.htm, March 5, 2008McAdoo, Oliver. Critically discu ss the idea that mental states are identical to physical states arrod.co.uk Internet. Available http//www.arrod.co.uk/essays/mind-brain-identity.php, March 5, 2008Chance, Tom. Mind-brain identity theory Internet. Availablehttp//tom.acrewoods.net/research/philosophy/mind/identitytheory, March 5, 2008Swamy Sivananda, Mind Its Mysteries & Control, The Divine Life Trust Society, 1994, World Wide Web Edition, 1998, A Divine Life Society Publication, Internet Available, http//www.dlshq.org/download/mind.htmFlanagan, Owen (1991). The Science of the Mind, 2nd edition. MIT Press. pp. 21.

How Did the Constitution Guard Against Tyranny

How Did the Constitution Guard Against Tyranny? What do you think totalitarianism means? When we think of tyranny, we consider its harsh absolute provide in the hands of whizz individual, like King George Ill. In James Madisons argument for his support of the Constitution he wrote that The accumulation of every last(predicate) power in the aforesaid(prenominal) hands, whether of one and only(a), a few, or mevery is the very definition of tyranny. In 1787, the framers came together in Philadelphia to write the Constitution to help guard against tyranny.The Constitution guarded gainst tyranny in several ways which were federalism, separation of power, checks and balances, and big invokes versus down(p) states. The beginning(a) guard against tyranny was federalism which means the federal principle of g everywherenment. In the Federalist Paper 51 James Madison wrote that In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided in the midst of d euce distinct governments, and the portion lot to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments. (Doc. A). Madisons idea was known as Federalism, the division of ower between commutation and state governments.Federalism provides a double security to the people by the arise of the peoples rights. Central and state governments have shared and separate powers. For instant, both governments set up courts and pass laws. Powers given to the Central Government were regulate trade, declaring war, scenery up post offices, and making immigration laws. Powers given to the states were holding elections, setting up local governments, passing marriages and divorce laws, and establishing schools. Federalism protects against yranny because both governments were meet and gave people a say in the government.A second guard against tyranny was separation of power which means the government divided into three carve upes. They separated the government into the executive distinguish, legis lative branch, and Judicial branch. In the Federalist Paper 47 James Madison said The accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the identical hands, whether of one, a few, or many, and whether hereditary, self-appointed, or elective, may be Just marked the very definition of yranny (Doc B). The idea Madison advocated with this quote was that through the separation of powers there tyranny shouldnt form.The Job of each branch is to protect the rights of the people. The separation of powers protects against tyranny because one branch spatenot do something without the consultancy of another branch. This provided equal powers between the three branches. The third guard against tyranny was checks and balances which means a balance in power. As indicated in the chart, document C, the legislative branch or congress has check over he executive and Judicial branch it support override the vote of the executive branch and approve of presidential nominations. Wi th the Judicial branch it could impeach judges and remove them from office.They could also do the same with the President and remove him or her from office. The executive branch could appoint Judges to the Supreme Court and can veto Congressional legislation. The Judicial branch can declare laws un intact and declare presidential acts as unconstitutional. James Madison said that (The three branches) should not be so far separated as to ave no constitutional control over each other, meaning that without check and balances it would be one step closer to a tyranny, because one of the branches could gain all the control of the power (Doc C).In that the fght over how the states should be stand for in congress began. The fourth and final step the delegates implied was the arguments between the small and big states and how they should be represented in congress. In the Constitutional Convention there was a big fuss over how the states should be represented, so that the big states votes o r uggestions wouldnt override the votes or suggestions of the smaller states. They came to the agreement known as the Great Compromise.In the compromise the agreed that under the House of Representatives the states would be represented by population (Doc. D). This made the large states happier because they would have more representation over the smaller states. They also agreed to that the Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators per state, making the smaller states happier because of the equal representation. With the compromise the states ould become united and this would help guard against tyranny.In the Constitutional Convention the delegates and Madison used arguments of federalism through the division of powers, checks and balances and the arguments between the larger and smaller states to guard against tyranny. Although checks and balances and the arguments between are important reason to prevent tyranny, the most important reason for the prevent of tyra nny is the separation of powers, through the separation of powers the delegates insecurity of our rights. Therefore preventing one group gaining control of all powers.How Did The Constitution Guard Against Tyranny?Tyranny is a malicious enemy, it leases over and, will make you go against your will. The Articles Of Confederation was the first step the American Colonists took to get rid tyranny, but that dramatically failed. The Articles Of Confederation was missing many key parts such as a central government, there was no president, and the wasnt even a court system. Also it didnt justify a currency for the whole country.When you went to other states, they all had diametrical currencies, so it was almost impossible to buy things, because people didnt know how much one currency was worth compared to the other. Another problem the Articles Of Confederation didnt cover was that there was no way for the central government to force states to pay their taxes. This was a problem because i f states didnt pay their taxes, the states would be a autocrat over the federal government. American Colonists decided that they require a new constitution if they didnt want the country to fall apart.The framers of the constitution defend us from the terrible evil of tyranny using four methods, which were, Federalism, dividing the government into three branches, a system of checks and balances, and preventing large states from creating a tyranny over the small states. account A shows that the first step the framer took to protect us from tyranny was using a form of government called Federalism. Madisons idea of division of power between central and state governments is known as federalism. (Doc A) From the chart in Document A, you can clearly see that this prevents any tyranny from hazard.Powers that are needed to run a country are given to the federal government such as Declaring war, coining money, and conducting foreign relations. (Doc A) Also powers that are needed for a st ate are given, such as holding elections, and regulating in-state business. (Doc A) Powers that are needed by both states, and the federal law are shared. This prevents any tyranny from happening because the states cant take control of federal powers, and the federal government cant take control of state powers. They can only take the power shared and the powers they own.The second step the framers took to protect us from tyranny was divide the central government into three branches. The section taken from the constitution its self shows the three branches of government. James Madison said, the accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands, wether of one, a few, or many, and wether hereditary, self-appointed, or elected, may be justly pronounced the very definition of tyranny. (Doc B) The constitution clearly doesnt put the powers of legislative, executive, and judiciary in one, or many hands.All the branches have split powers. The Legislative branch can only have the powers of congress. (Doc B) The Executive branch has powers vested within the president. (Doc B) Lastly, the Judicial branch has its powers vested in the highest court of the nation, the Supreme Court. As you can see the constitution prevents any branch to gain any more power from other branches. You may ask, wasnt Germany a democracy before Hitler took over? Yes it was, but the next split explains how the constitution prevented any other branch from taking over powers of another branch.The framers of the constitution created an ingenious way to prevent tyranny of one branch over other branches, with a system of checks and balances. James Madison said, the constant aim is to divide and arrange the several offices in such a manner as that they may be a check on the other. (Doc C) The diagram shows the branches have checks on each other. If the president tries to take the power of another branch, than the legislative branch can impeach the president. (Doc C) This is one of the checks of the legislative branch on the Executive branch.Each branch has a check of every other branch, so if one branch is doing something wrong, another branch can check the wronged branch, and fix the problem. This probably answers your question on how another branch cant take control. iodine of the last things the framer of the constitution did to make sure no tyrant would arise, was to make sure the smaller states got a fair vote in congress. In the constitutional convention, two plans were proposed called the Virginia plan, and the New Jersey plan. The Virginia plan was favored large states, and was based of population.The New jersey plan favored small states, and gave each state an equal amount of votes. Eventually they came up of something called the great compromise, and they proposed that congress would be composed of the senate, and The House Of Representatives. The House Of Representatives is based of population, which provides fairness to large stat es. (Doc D) On the other hand, the Senate has two representatives from each state, which provides fairness to smaller states. (Doc D) Undoubtedly, this provides fairness among both large, and small states, ultimately taking a closer step to rid of tyranny.To sum it up, the framers of the constitution protected us from the terrible evil of tyranny using the four methods, Federalism, dividing the government into three branches, a system of checks and balances, and preventing large states from creating a tyranny over the small states in congress. James Madison said, the accumulation of powers in the same hands, wether of one, a few, or many, is the very definition of tyranny , and the constitution does a good hypothesize of preventing that. The framers succeeded in creating a well built constitution because all four methods have created security that no tyrant, or tyranny would arise.

Reaction Paper Last Princess by Kara David Essay

Stories of princess were part of our childhood memories. We dream of becoming one during those times. But in Tumandok tribe in Tapaz, Capiz, Philippines, there were women, who were treated the likes of a princess. They are known to be the binukot. in front seeing the documentary of Huling Prinsesa (Last Princess), I was really excited because who knew that a 3rd world ground like the Philippines would afford to have a princess. Then I realized, Philippines was not a 3rd world country then. And I remember that during the pre-Hispanic period we used to have datus, babaylans, pandays so having a princess would not be faraway from reality. Philippines though colonized by foreigners, retained its rich culture and I think this is one of the proofs.The binukot was usually the prettiest daughter of the chief tribe. The term was derived from bukot which means to keep. Binukot was not allowed to go outside the support. Thats why her food was usually delivered in her room. She entrust be taught to memories and sing different epics. Going outside the house is not a simple task. The binukot needs to be carried on a cradle so that her feet will be kept clean.The tribe believed that the binukot has a supernatural power. During planting and harvesting time, she will be brought to the heighten to perform, for them to have a bountiful harvest.At present there are still few binukot on some part of Panay Island. But the danger of losing this tradition is very high, for most women of Panay preferred to be an banausic citizen instead of becoming a princess. Stories of princess were part of our childhood memories. We dream of becoming one during those times. But in Tumandok tribe in Tapaz, Capiz, Philippines, there were women, who were treated like a princess. They are known to be the binukot.The tour to the remote mountains of Capiz is tough an hours-long motorcycle ride and several hours more of trekking across rivers and up and protrude rocky, slippery slopes. It is a c hallenging feat for anyone who wants to see and explore a mysterious tradition uphold for decades among some of the mountains isolated communities.The trip took some time and I thought its worth the detainment just to see the Last Princess, from the trip alone, it made me really curious of what will princess look like. I-Witness travels to the Tapaz Mountain, considered the furthermost in Capiz, located in the central Philippines island of Panay. The mountain people called the tumandoks live in Tapaz, and I-Witness searched for the tribes last remaining princesses called the binukots.Reporter Kara David reaches the community of Rizal Sur, a village that looks just like any different isolated community, where the tumandoks living in traditional huts and survive on whatever nature provides them. In the middle of this community, she meets one of the last remaining binukots, 73-year-old Lola (grandmother) Isiang.Lola Isiang lives in an old hut, just like everybody else in the commu nity. However, she has stayed inside a room in the house ever since she was five years old, living in isolation as the familys chosen binukot.

Social Entrepreneurship

There are substantial issues related to kind entrepreneurship and how they are dealing with challenges including competition, structure, adapting to a changing economic and amicable environment, and employee retention and satisfaction. There is a perception by many small businesses that an unsporting competition exists because a non gelt may already be an established agency with resources of their own.They argue that fond entrepreneurship may take a significant piece of a limited customer base that is overlap by struggling small businesses. Differing views among scholars raise the issue of definition, mission, and validity of amicable entrepreneurships. In America, some swear that genial entrepreneurship must remain in the private sector and operated as a substitute for social welfare. (Bacq & Janssen 2001)Others limit their focus to the social entrepreneurs role within the organization. Bill Drayton of The American Social Innovation train posits that the social entreprene urs characteristics as a change agent are the central element of social entrepreneurship, period others insist that the organization must remain the primary focus.The mission-centric nature of social entrepreneurship is a check of enmity as well. Scholars are divided over the necessity to link the social mission with the financial polishs. near believe that the commercial activities do not need to be connected to the social mission, so vast as the revenues are used to fund the social activities.Adam Smith (1976) suggests that businesses, although may have unspoilt intentions, are easily dissuaded from the pursuit of social good. Dees and Anderson (2003) also acknowledge the risks of conflicts between having both a social mission and wealth creation objective, admitting that successful examples of such setups are rare in practice.In some instances, as observed by Dees (2012), the social mission can be at odds with profit motives. (Dees, 2012, p. 321). Dacin, Dacin, and Matear (2010, p. 45) also highlight that it is an increasingly important concern that all forms of business face how to weave social and economic concerns into the fabric of organization management, to the mutual satisfaction of stakeholders.Additionally, Dees and Anderson (2003) suggest that the most significant challenge of operating(a) a for-profit social enterprise is the complexity of combining two opposed objectives which are amplified by the pressures to agree social mission in pursuit of financial performance.Regarding mission drift, scholars argue that the business model brings much tensions that benefit. They suggest that situations will inevitably arise due to the different objectives leading to a divergence of goals and values. Smith, Gonin & Besharov (2013) point to the competing demands and the ethical dilemmas that are likely to arise in such a situation.Seedco (2007) adds that even though social entrepreneurs have a strong commitment to the social goal, they may be quickl y moved from this goal due to increasing financial problems (Seedco 2007).

Mark Twain Essay

The possession and safeguarding of empire on distant discharges by a nation is called Imperialism. The term was familiar to the Americans only during mid nineteenth century. Mark Twain verbalised his attitudes against imperialism in many of his works and also declared it in harsh words. I am an anti imperialist, I am opposed to having the eagle put its talons on any other land. Later he became the vice-president of Anti-Imperialist League.The protagonist Hang Morgan in A Connecticut Yankee in index Arthurs Court, was brought back to sixth century England which was a time of extensive political, economic and social problems. The superstitions and fear of supernatural forces oppressed the lives of ordinary people. There he became The Boss by means of his little scientific knowledge. The Camelot is not a place of strange social setting to the protagonist, but he failed to see what was happening beyond his suggestions.Edmund Reiss (in his afterward to A Connecticut Yankee in King Art hurs Court) quotes Twain as having give tongue to This Yankee of mine has neither the refinement nor weakness of a college education. He is a perfect know nothing. The problem of imperialism is well extracted through the single character, Hank Morgan. Hank succeeded in bringing advancement to the people and society through technology and science. Clarence is a typical six century youth, who later en suite himself to nineteenth century.The summons was against what happened in Hank, who now wishes to be in the past, with Sandy. Through the depiction of the two characters itself, Twain tries to unravel the lordly and negative aspects of imperialism. Through the massacre at the end of the story and Merlins victory, Twain reminds the readers closely mens need of having faith in supernatural powers. References Twain Mark. ( 1889) . A Pen warm up Up in Hell, Harper and Brothers, USA Twain Mark. (1889),A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court. Harper & Brothers, USA .

Compariosn of pre 1914 and Wilfred Owen’s poems Essay

By comparing and contrasting a selection of fight verse forms, consider the ways in which attitudes to contend nurture been explored and expressed. When considering poem write post 1900 c formerlyntrate on a selection of poems written by Wilfred Owen.War has been an influential topic for poesy for mevery centuries and through its catastrophic cruelty and star of patriotism has created many of the most brilliant poets and most controversial poems ever written. With each different war uprises different poets who want to write their views on it and solely as motives of war differ, so do the opinions of the poets close to see war as barbaric and destructive, whereas others portray it as a way of ennobling integralnessself. originally the technology and media coverage we have nowadays, stories of battle were passed lot by account book of mouth and were often written in poetic form so they could be memorized easily.Just as the ar troughery used in the wars has changed, t he way war is portrayed has as well. onwards World War 1 began in 1914, it was seen as a glorious opportunity for custody to serve and defend their country. In many poems war is compargond to a game, for example in Vitai Lampada written by Henry Newbolt, the refrain Play up Play up And play the game is restate at the end of each stanza to try and rally the soldiers and ready them for battle. Newbolt uses the leit motif of comparing chip to playing a cricket match to ease the pressure off the soldiers by making it seem fun and competitive. He uses the simile Beat through life standardized a torch in flame to portray how the schoolboys have responsibilities and alike to lay down how these must be passed down through the generations to protect their country, unless like the Olympic torch.War is withal compared to a game in Henry Vs speech in Shakespeares play, Henry V. He declares The games afoot, once again understating the enormity of the battle. In addition Shakespeare us es the battle cry God for Harry, England and Saint George to generate that the English are on the righteous side and have a duty to serve their country.Before 1914, there was no compulsory military service and therefore Britain did not have a wide army like other European countries. However World War 1 was so large, gulp needed to be introduced, meaning all manpower of the appropriate age were obliged to go to war. along with conscription came the propaganda to encourage custody to join up and a popular form was poetry. Poets like Jessie pope and Rupert Brooke wrote poems convincing men that war would be an exciting opportunity with their friends and that it is their duty to honour and serve for England. However, one of the most famous war poets, Wilfred Owen, had a different view of the war. At beginning(a) he wrote in a similar way to the likes of Pope and Brooke, only if after experiencing first-hand action in the front course of study his work became less idealistic. unr ivalled of Owens most famous poems is Dulce et Decorum est. The Latin title way of life it is sweet and fitting to die for your country and it is used ironically to anticipate an idealistic poem, but it is kind of the opposite. Owen wrote this poem in reply to the jingoistic recruiting poems written by Jessie Pope they glorify war and demand it seem like a great opportunity for men to have an adventure with their friends. In the first two lines of Dulce et Decorum est, Owen uses the vivid enounce picturery of old beggars and coughing like hags and the commentator thinks that he is describing psyche elderly or of low status. However, in the lines that follow, we realize that Owen is actually talking about soldiers who are walk away from the front lineTill on the haunting flares we turned our backsAnd towards our distant rest began to trudge. Owen uses the word haunting to portray that the battle they have endured will stay in their minds forever. To convey the exhaustion of t he men Owen uses hyperbole men marched asleepdrunk with fatigue. This shows how fighting was physically draining for the soldiers and contradicts the glamorous image that Popes poems conjure up.In the second stanza Owen illustrates the terrifying scene of a bodge attack. He repeats the word GAS for a second time in capital letters to convey a sense of urgency and also to imply how fatigued the men were as they needed it to be repeated louder a second time for them to realise the situation. Owen uses polysyllabic words like ecstasy and fumbling and unqualified to convey a sense of panic and alarm. He describes how one man did not get his atom smasher mask on in time and is floundring like a man in eruption or lime.This portrays that the gas he is inhaling is burning and the image as under a color sea, I saw him drowning is very powerful because it shows that the gas overwhelms his lungs and as water does when you drown. The line In all my dreams, before my helpless sight shows how Owen will remember that scene forever, and the word helpless suggests that he standnot do anything about the flashbacks and horrible memories he will have to endure but it also implies that he could not do anything to help the soldier who was dying. Owen uses the adjectives guttering, choking, drowning to illustrate the soldiers horrific death the word guttering is especially effective as you use it to describe a candle about to go out, just as the mans life is about to be extinguished.Owen change tastely attacks Jessie Pope in the stand up stanza. He sarcastically addresses her as my friend and uses gruesome comparisons like Obscene as cancer and bitter as the cud of vile to portray the horror of war. The line incurable sores on innocent tongues implies that the some soldiers who were very young will have terrifying memories with them for the rest of their lives. He appeals to the senses by using abhorrent and graphic imagery If you could hear, at every jolt, blood-Come gar gling from the froth-corrupted lungs. The adjective froth-corrupted illustrates how the mans lungs had been plagued by the gas and what a horrific death he had to endure. He uses the simile like a devils sick of sin to describe the soldiers face, suggesting a sense of repulsion and disgust. Owen depicts the soldiers as children torrid for some desperate glory portraying that Popes recruiting poems wrongly persuaded boys that were not of age to vulnerably serve their country. In the last two lines Owen frames the poem by repeating the title, but he uses it ironically as he introduces it is The old Lie, contradicting other pre World War 1 poems that give the burden men will be considered heroic if they serve their duty.Owen once again opposes the notion that women will handle soldiers, who return substructure from war injured, like heroes in his poem Disabled, Owen opposes the idea that women will cover up the soldiers, who return from the war injured, like heroes. In the poem F all In by Harold Begbie, he persuades men to join the army by using the sexual attractiveness of women. The lines When the girls line up in the street, yelling their love to the lads come back, implies the men will be seen as courageous and gallant for fighting. However, Owen explains this is not the nerve in the linesNow he will never feel again how slim,Girls waists are, or how warm their problematical hands,All of them touch him like some prevent disease. The metaphor like some queer disease expresses how the women are afraid he may be contagious and how they find him repulsive.Just as in Dulce et Decorum est, at the beginning of the poem we think Owen is describing an elderly man because he uses the articulate ghastly suit of grey which infers old age. But then we discover how he threw away his knees he chose to enlist for the army and that is portrayed a grave mistake, a waste of his life. The line Poured it down shell-holes till the veins ran dry also infers that the man o pted to fight as the verb poured suggests that he did it himself. In addition, Owen portrays how the boy was not make by principles to sign up Someone had said hed look a theology in kilts. He had been induced by vanity and also to please his Meg once again the notion of impressing the women is used. Even though his face was younger than his youth the line Smiling they wrote his lie patriarchal nineteen years, shows that the authorities were unscrupulous as they knew he was just a boy but calm let him sign up.Disabled is a very contrasting poem and Owen repeats the word now to accent the contrast between what he was, and what he has now become Now he is old. Owen uses the motif of football throughout, but not in the positive way Newbolt does in Vitai Lampada. He uses it ironically to show the difference between his life before the war when he was fit and agile, and now when he is condemned to a passive lifestyle in a wheelchair. When he was playing football he liked a blood sme ar down his leg, implying that he thought it looked manly and would impress the girls.Now however, he can only watch boys playing football voices of play and pleasure after day and the women do not see him as heroic as their eyes Passed from him to the strong men that were unanimous. The word whole creates a strong image of him being limbless and is powerful as it is not very compassionate, just like the women. In the last two lines, Owen repeats the rhetorical question Why dont they come? The first question is directly addressing the nursing staff, portraying that they do not care for the wounded solider or are disgusted by his wounds and the second question portrays a sense of abandonment he is manifold because he fought in the war and people should honour what he has done instead of pitying and disposing of him.Owens Mental Cases has a similar theme to Disabled except it focuses on the mental aspect of fighting and not the physical aspect. The purpose of this poem is to describ e to the reviewer that the conditions were so terrible in the prime(prenominal) World War that it drove people insane. The tone of the poem is an unfounded one Owen portrays his opposition to the war through line such as Multitudinous murders they once witnessed. The word multitudinous means the plebeian people and shows how Owen thought that the ordinary people of Britain were being slaughtered and that young, fit men were the cause of untimely deaths. It also emphasises the vast scaled of the murders and the intensity of the war.Owen uses very powerful and vivid imagery in the first stanza with phrases such as drooping tongues and purgatorial shadows to describe the men. The word purgatorial suggests that they are trying to cleanse their soulfulness of the sins they have committed, but are trapped by their own violent actions in the war. Owen uses the word shadows to portray them as ghosts, men that go unnoticed because they are insane and not normal. This is ironic because they were probably once very fit and able and are now spending their lives in an institute.The first stanza poses the question of what do the men mad and Owen uses rhetorical questions to engage the reader but what slow panic gouged these chasms round worry sockets? This phrase conjours up a strong image of the men being wide eyed with a constant look of terror upon their face. Owen utilizes the phrase slow panic to infer that the men have been field to a form of torture and that they have painfully been made to suffer. The phrase deeply gouged suggests wrinkles implying that the men are quite old however we learn that the men have not lost their minds due to age, but due to war. The lines Always they must see these things and hear them,Batter of guns and the shatter of flying muscles, use real and gruesome imagery to describe the battles. Onomatopoeia is used through the words shatter and batter making the reader almost hear the tremendous bangs of the guns and making them unde rstand the intensity of the situation. The phrase human squander portrays Owens thoughts that many multitudinous murders took place and that their lives were lost for no reason it was a mistake.In the final stanza Owen describes to the reader how the mental cases wish they were dead so they did not have to remember the atrocious carnage that they have seen Dawn breaks open like a war that bleeds afresh. This simile is effective because usually pervade brings new beginnings and fresh opportunities, but to these men it just means they have to endure memories of what the war did to them. This poem is a very soulal one as in the last four lines Owen uses words like us and brother. This shows that the men blame us for allowing what happened to occur, and how they wish that they did not have to be reminded of it any longer.Wilfred Owens wrote hymn for fated Youth not to portray the mental and physical effects of war like Disabled and Mental Cases, but to explain how a whole generation of men were subject to gruesome injuries or brutal deaths during the First World War. The title is deliberately ironic because the word Anthem usually suggests celebration however the tone of this poem is bitter and mournful. It also infers that Owen is mocking poets like Rupert Brooke who say it is honourable to die in the war. The first line is a rhetorical question and it uses plosives, portraying an angry tone. The metaphor for these who die as cattle is effective because it infers that the soldiers are being slaughtered.The soldiers are referred to as Doomed Youth as there were no prayers nor bells for them as they died on the battlefield, just the monstrous anger of the guns, suggesting that the make out of deaths were so widespread there was no separate emotion for each man, their deaths were unimportant like that of cattle. This incarnation also infers that the weapons were taking control of the soldiers and that their actions are that of monsters. Owen portrays how there i s no time for sentiment of the battlefield in the line The shrill demented choirs of wailing shells this personification is effective because when a person dies they are believed to be at peace, but when you die on the battlefield the destruction and devastation carries on nigh you regardless.Owen portrays how the men came from ordinary backgrounds in the phrase sad shires and he describes how the family of the soldiers did have funerals for them back at home in the line what candles may be held to speed them all? The devastation of their deaths is shown through the line the paleness of girls brows shall be their pall suggesting that their girlfriends are sorrowful and also by using the plural it shows how a whole generation of women may not be able to find husbands because so many young men were killed in action. In the last line, a drawing-down of blinds is a fitting way to end the poem, but it could also be associated with traditional drawing down of blinds in a room where a dea d person lies and furthermore it infers that so many soldiers lives were now over.I enjoyed reading Wilfred Owens poetry more than the pre 1900 poetry as it gave me a realistic view of what the effects of war were on the soldiers and their families. World War One was the most devastating and barbaric war to date and therefore I believe that Owens poetry is more fitting as it gives a personal aspect to the poems, portraying the soldiers as humans, not just as statistics, but also showed them like animals to make the vast scale of the murders evident.

Culture and Organisation Essay

1. IntroductionEstablished in 1993 and commenced operations on 18 November 1996, AirAsir was origin bothy founded by a government-owned conglomerate DRB-Hicom. On 2 December 2001, the heavily-indebted airline was purchased by former S breakh East Asiatic regional vice-president Warner Music Group Tony Fernandess comp both Tune Air Sdn Bhd for one ringgit. AirAsia Berhad is a Malaysian upset-cost airline. It operates scheduled domestic and international escape cocks and is Asias largest low- amount, no-frills airline. AirAsia is a pioneer of low-cost flights in Asia and was besides the first airline in the region to implement fully ticketless travel. Its main base is the low-cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). In 2010 AirAsia won the Skytrax Worlds trounce low-cost airline award.Air Asia bud take hold of with no-frills airline is introduced by Tony Fernandes with the tagline Now everybody arouse fell and the man himself is also the founder of Tune Group. No fuel surcharge and no admin fee. However, ticket fargon and airport tax need to be paid. This was after great deliberation as the initial passing play was fifty sen. Fernandes proceeded to engineer a remarkable turnaround, turning a profit in 2002 and launching revolutionary routes from its hub in Kuala Lumpur International Airport at breakneck speed, undercutting former monopoly operator Malaysia Airlines with promotional f ars as low as RM1 (US$0.27).2. Identification of central issueThe main issue that will be discussed in the summary will be Tony Fernandesset of determine and beliefs that specifyd the comp all collective socialization. In six words, corporeal tillage is How we do things around here. Corporate culture is the collective behaviour of people using harsh corporate vision, goals, dual-lane value, beliefs, habits, operative language, systems, and symbols. With the tagline introduced by CEO of AirAsia Tony Fernandes Now everyone can fly, AirAsias philosophical system of low f bes is aimed to make flying affordable for everyone. AirAsia also aims to make travel easy, convenient and fun for its guests. A firm believer in big dreams, can be found online (Profile-Tony Fernandes of AirAsia, 2006) Tony Fernandes famously once said, We Asian rescue this habit of kicking ourselves and saying it cant be done. Anything is possible when you put your brainiac to it. (http//www.rdasia.com/a_dream_takes_flight/, no date). At AirAsia, in that respect is a sense of being in a true family.Tony Fernandes believes that his employees are his greatest assets and encourages a culture that emits positive vibes to ensure that every player in the squad is committed and unified to set about achieving their shared goals. He once said in an interview, We do every bit we can to succeed, including making sure that we fork up the right atmosphere at work. safe hold opening our culture intact entails a lot. We have to make sure that we stay true to winning values and traits industry, appreciation for diversity, discipline, flexibility, honesty, friendliness, passion for learning and excellence, and a genuine concern for the welfare of all. This shows that he began by riding horse the right foundation on which his company operates on. Maintaining the AirAsia culture is a lot of work, but it does not designate all work and no fun for the employees. According to Tony Fernandes, the AirAsia staffs are all quite happy to ease up towards keeping what they call Culture All Stars.Organisational culture (hrm ASIA, 2010). It is what their success has been built on and what keeps their staff access back for more. Tony Fernandess credo, Believe the unbelievable. Dream the impossible. Never take No for an answer has clearly helped shape the AirAsia culture to what it is today. (http//www.rdasia.com/a_dream_takes_flight/, no date). Weve somehow managed to keep this uplifting atmosphere going for us, and we attribute our succes s to our collective faith in, and commitment to, our raison detre Now everyone can fly. Organisational culture (hrm ASIA, 2010) We will next delve deeper for a better reading of how the values of the Corporateculture turned AirAsia into one of the leading airlines in Asia.3. adumbrate of the theoretical frameworkWe will be using the trinity levels of agreemental culture as delimitate by Edgar Schein (2010) to analyse AirAsia. Culture, as formally defined by Schein (2010, p.18) is a pattern of shared underlying assumptions learned by a group as it solved its problems of external adaptation and indwelling integration, which has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and liveliness in relation to those problems. The three levels of culture are namely artifacts, espoused beliefs and values, and basic underlying assumptions. Artifacts are depict by Schein (2010, p.23) as the surface level of cu lture, as they can include the things that a person see, bring out and feel when they join a new group and are experiencing their culture for the first time. Artifacts are gross and feelable grammatical constructions and processes, and can also be an observed way. However, one drawback is that they can be difficult to project and retrace (Schein, 2010, p.24). Thus, the true culture of the organization cannot be understood by solely looking at the artifacts.To understand more, it is necessary to look at the next level. Espoused beliefs and values are goals, values, aspirations and ideologies shared by everyone in an organization. Normally, these values are laid down by the leaders or founders of the organization (Schein, 2010, p.25). However, espoused beliefs and values can sometimes be correlatively contradictory (Schein, 2010, p.27). Thus, the organizations culture is only understood just on the surface level. Basic underlying assumptions, which are unconscious and taken-for -granted beliefs and values provide for a deeper understanding of an organizations culture. Schein concluded that the essence of a culture lies in the pattern of basic underlying assumptions (Schein, 2010, p.32).If the basic underlying assumptions are not deciphered, it will be hard to understand the artifacts and espoused beliefs and values correctly. As Schein (2010, p.32) himself had concluded, any groups culture can be studied at the three levels. The three levels of culture allows for an analysis of AirAsias organizational heathen from an observational level. Information can be readily force from business reviews, news articles on AirAsia, interviews with AirAsias founder Toney Fernandesand AirAsias website, thus making Edgar Scheins three levels of culture an ideal model for analysis of AirAsias culture.4. Analysis5.1 ArtifactsIt is a normal procedure to have an induction organized by the tender Resource Management team to welcome new employees into the AirAsia corporation . A corporate culture department in AirAsia was set up in August 2004 to promote the AirAsia bosom and family atmosphere through close communication and exciting activities designed especially for AirAsia employees. This act supports the statements do by Tony Fernandes that his employees are the driving force behind the brands success. The objective is to ensure that the AirAsia employees crosswise the macrocosm uphold the culture of ONE PEOPLE, ONE CULTURE, ONE AIR ASIA and ONE FAMILY to r all(prenominal) the goal of ensuring the trump out experience at ONE AirAsia wherever they fly. The people of AirAsia are their asset, and their dedication, determination and patience have made AirAsia a success story. They have built conducive and positive AirAsia culture that permeates all the line of operation. annual subject field (AirAsia, 2006). in that location are five published list of values at AirAsia that are inculcated in the employees safety, passion, integrity, caring and fu n. These values provide a frame of reference for AirAsia experience and a corporate culture in which they live and deliver peak effect. Tony Fernandes usual style of dressing at work also reflects the culture at AirAsia. He goes to work wearing his trade mark red AirAsia cap, short sleeved t-shirts and a pair of jeans which are sometimes older than his employees. By doing so, he is able to break the mental barrier of communication between himself and his employees and get everybody to talk and give invaluable ideas. As mentioned earlier, People are AirAsias best asset. Tony Fernandes would like to crap a flat structure, where everyone has access to the big boss and that allows him to get the best people and discover their probable and natural endowment. A fine example of such(prenominal) discovery of talent would be Azmir Hashim, a former Guest Service staff who successfully graduated from AirAsias cadet pilot class.This proves that Tony provides support that fulfils the drea ms of his employees. In this way, Tony Fernandes has created a friendly and approachable working environment within his company. Tony Fernandesdoctrine of low fares aimed to make flying affordable for everyone while providing convenience and fun for its guests across the region is reflected by the successful Airbus A320, which is known for its fuel force, high reliability and low operating costs. The Airbus offers guests greater width space, a quieter ride and unrivalled comfort. In December 2007, AirAsia became the largest Airbus A320 customer in the world. The fleet consists of 56 Airbus A320 aircraft spread across Malaysia (44 aircraft), Thailand (8 aircraft) and Indonesia (4 aircraft) as of the end of 2008. Annual report (AirAsia, 2008). Through this approach, AirAsia has greater flexibility to meet the inescapably of each market while building on the cost efficiencies of operating one aircraft type.5.2 Espoused Beliefs and ValuesAt AirAsia, where Tony Fernandes aims to create the best environment within the company to work in, employees are treated as part of a big family, and being family, safety always comes first. AirAsia has committed itself to a programme of reducing risks and hazards normally associated with the airmanship industry through a Safety Management System. This commitment is extended to ensure the full integration of a safety culture, safety policy and safety objectives in a proactive approach to breeze safety. In short, the Safety Management System is not just an add-on but a tenderness part of AirAsias business process. A Safety Management System relies on the development of a reporting culture by all employees and is a vehicle for ensuring that hazards and safety deficiencies are brought to the attention of those who have the authority to make changes. CEO Tony Fernandes has pledged that he would not take disciplinary action against any employee who dared to make a stand and report a safety hazard to the companys management, and no staff member will be asked to com forestall AirAsias safety standards just to get the occupancy done.Training of employees to ensure they can perform their tasks in a safe and efficient manner is an of the essence(p) ingredient of AirAsias Safety Management System. It is managements responsibility to make available and select out this training, and it is the employees responsibility to follow safe working practices, said Tony Fernandes, who highlighted that safety is a center field value of his company. Annual report (AirAsia, 2010). To Tony Fernandes, the staff members are thepillars of his company, where everyone has a chance to shine regardless of their race, gender, creed, age, disablement religion and sexual orientation. The vital thing is to ensure quality work from the staff, and Tony Fernandes believes all these start from providing a happy workplace for them. The Junior Wings Club was set up in 2008 to encourage interaction and friendship between the families of AirA sians.The objectives of this Club is to allow the children of the AirAsia staff members to understand their parents line of reasonings, hone their characters and leadership skills, impart them with fellowship on various subjects and tap on their creativity by participating in activities together. The aim is to nurture a healthy balance between work and personal life so that it will aftermath in higher efficiency in work performance at AirAsia. This is an example of how AirAsia lives up to its expect of Valuing Our People. Annual report (AirAsia, 2008). Another main value at AirAsia is to enhance the guests experience by improving speed and efficiency at every interface between the guests and the airline. A comprehensive Microsoft-based node Relationship Management (CRM) system was deployed since 1 April 2010. This Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system integrates its various sales, swear out and marketing initiatives onto a single platform which allows AirAsia to intera ct with guests on a more informed introduction and tailor its services to meet individual guests needs.From reservations and check-ins, to baggage handling, boarding and in-flight Customer Relationship Management (CRM) takes business concern of them all. AirAsia supervisory staff members are strategically located at the airports to provide on-the-spot assistance to the guests. There are also Service Counters in the departure halls to handle enquiries. In 2010, AirAsia introduced new mobile remember apps for smart phones which makes booking-on-the-go more convenient. In January 2011, AirAsia also introduced the concept of web and self check-in. This allows guests to check in from their laptop or computers days before their departure dates. Guests can also quickly key in their flight details at kiosks at the terminal airports to obtain a boarding pass without having to queue up at a counter when they do self check-in. All these new implementations serve to make good its promise to make travel easy, convenient and fun for its guests. The s nucleuscard of Directors of AirAsia is committed in ensuring the highest standards of corporate boldness are applied throughout the Group.Reviewing adequacyand integrity of the Companys internal controls is one of the duties and responsibilities of the Board. The Board is made up of Non-Executive Directors, and they are persons of high calibre and integrity who collectively possess rich experience. It is inevitable that all Non-Executive Directors are independent in character and judgement who do not participate in the day-to-day management of the company and do not involve themselves in business transactions or relationships with the Group in order not to compromise their objectivity. In order to improve the overall organizational effectiveness and to uphold the integrity of the Company in the eyes of the public, the Company has updated the whistleblowing program during the year which acts as a formal communication chann el where all stakeholders can communicate their concerns in cases where the Companys business conduct is deemed to be contrary to the Companys parkland values.All concerns will be addressed to the Chief Audit Executive (Audit & Consulting Services), who will then assess all concerns reported and preach the appropriate action and all details pertaining to the name and position of the whistleblower will be kept strictly confidential throughout the investigation proceedings. Mazliana Mohamad was appointed the Regional Head of Audit and Consulting Services in 2010. Her main roles include providing independent and objective assurance and consulting services designed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of AirAsias operations and integrity of the financial reporting and to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Practicing the highest standards of ethical behavior and demonstrating honesty in all the line of work is vital to gain trust and command mutual respect a t AirAsia, and this is in line with Tony Fernandes beliefs of his companys winning values.Setting goals beyond the best and reinforcing high quality performance standards is to support AirAsias values of Excellence in public presentation. In its endeavor to be a full-fledged self-sufficient airline, AirAsia has set up its own honorary society which commenced operations in April 2005 with a vision to provide and fulfill training needs that would support their deputation to deliver low-cost, high quality benefits to their customers across the region. The Academy is a one-stop, comprehensive learning centre and caters to all the important and necessary needs for all its employees. This includes pilots, engineers, cabin crew, ramp support and guest services front-line staff. The platformundertaken conforms to international standards and this training facility complies to all the regulations of the Malaysian Department of elegant Aviation, Thai Department of Civil Aviation, Indonesia n Department of Civil Aviation and Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia. Annual report (AirAsia, 2008).5.3 Basic Underlying AssumptionThere is a great sense of empowerment of AirAsia enhanced by an open office layout which encourages easy interaction between everyone and flat hierarchy that breaks down psychological and cultural barriers. All staff (All Star) can approach any member of the management team to voice out an opinion or share an idea. Good ideas, proposed by anyone, can be implemented quickly because there is little bureaucracy. At the same time, bad ideas can be scrapped just as fast. The AirAsia staff members understand that generating ideas is not limited to the directors and executives of the company and that everyone can contribute ideas regardless of their rank in the company.This informal structure means not only that there are more than 8,000 brains (of All Star) contributing to the company performance as opposed to just 20 or so at management level. It also helps to keep costs down by tapping on internal resources as opposed to paying for outsourced external help. Human capital development at AirAsia is about providing opportunities to their people (All Star) opportunities such as fulfilling the dreams of the cabin crew and understanding officers to become pilots. This helps to develop talents within the company and saves cost on hiring a brand new employee who needs to be trained from scratch. With the basic assumption of Now Everyone Can Fly, AirAsia is operating in a cost optimization philosophy to make flying affordable for everyone.5. ConclusionWith the foundation that Tony Fernandes has created, the AirAsia staff members are currently in a friendly workplace with a flat hierarchy. This creates a conducive working environment where everyone can perform at their best. With the low cost implementations in place, AirAsia has continued to deliver its promise of affordable airfares with reliable services. As a company previously with almost RM40 millions in debt, AirAsia has made fantastic progressive steps to where it is today, thanks to the leadership of CEO Tony Fernandes. With the growth that sees AirAsia currently in 18 countries, it has potential to progress even more. Continued success creates strongly held shared assumptions, and thus a strong corporate culture core. If the internal and external environments remain stable, this continues to be an advantage.However, if there is a change in the environment, some of those shared core assumptions can become liabilities, precisely because of their strength. An example is a change of leadership in the company. Tony Fernandes created the very environment AirAsia is right now. But when the time comes for him to leave the company, the culture may diminish along with his departure. New leaders who come into the organization who do not share or value the core assumptions on which the organization was built may result either from the departure of the key culture ca rriers and the softness to find replacements with the same values and assumptions, or because the board wants to change the core culture and deliberately brings in outsiders with unalike values and assumptions. Schein (2009, p.171).6. RecommendationsFrom the analysis so far, we can see that AirAsia values its employees as much as its customers. The evidence is the environment created for its staff and its fulfillment of promises made to its customers. However, the leadership for AirAsia should not be taken for granted. In the face of the possible threat that Tony Fernandes may relinquish his role one day, career development programs can be rolled out to protect and preserve AirAsias culture. Top performing staff such as directors and executives could undergo training to prepare themselves for this potential role in the future. An internal candidate would be more suitable as this person would have been exposed to the AirAsia culture and familiar with the way AirAsia operates.This p rogram in place would likely ensure that the AirAsia culture can be preserved, and AirAsia will also arrest its position in the aviation industry. Aside from this, regional meetings and team building sessions are recommended to be held sporadically to keep the region abreast of each others activities internally, and it would also strengthen relationships between employees from different countries. This will also ensure that AirAsia is consistent in their visions and beliefs regardless of theirlocation. In conclusion, AirAsia is doing a great job and they should preserve their culture and continue with their mode of operation to enjoy success in the future.7. References1. Profile-Tony Fernandes of AirAsia (2006) in stock(predicate) at http//www.skorcareer.com/malaysia-eng/tonyfernandes-airasia-profile.htm (Accessed 26 November 2011). 2. http//www.rdasia.com/a_dream_takes_flight/ (no date) (Accessed 26 November 2011) 3. hrm ASIA (2010) governmental Culture. Available at http//www. hrmasia.com/resources/employer-branding/organisational-culture/41247/(2nd)/ (Accessed 26 November 2011) 4. http//www.rdasia.com/a_dream_takes_flight/ (no date) (Accessed 26 November 2011) 5. hrm ASIA (2010) Organizational Culture. Available at http//www.hrmasia.com/resources/employer-branding/organisational-culture/41247/(2nd)/ (Accessed 26 November 2011) 6. Schein, E.H. (2010) Organization Culture and Leadership. fourth edn. San Francisco Jossey-Bass. 7. Schein, E.H. (2010) Organization Culture and Leadership. 4th edn. San Francisco Jossey-Bass. 8. Schein, E.H. (2010) Organization Culture and Leadership. 4th edn. San Francisco Jossey-Bass. 9. Schein, E.H. (2010) Organization Culture and Leadership. 4th edn. San Francisco Jossey-Bass. 10. Schein, E.H. (2010) Organization Culture and Leadership. 4th edn. San Francisco Jossey-Bass. 11. Schein, E.H. (2010) Organization Culture and Leadership. 4th edn. San Francisco Jossey-Bass. 12. Schein, E.H. (2010) Organization Culture and Leadersh ip. 4th edn. San Francisco Jossey-Bass. 13. AirAsia (2006) Annual report. Available at http//issuu.com/airasia/docs/aa-corporate-06 (Accessed 26 November 2011). 14. AirAsia (2008) Annual report. Available at http//www.airasia.com/iwov-resources/my/common/pdf/AirAsia/IR/AA%20Corporate%202008.pdf (Accessed 26 November 2011). 15. AirAsia (2010) Annual report. Available at http//www.airasia.com/iwov-resources/my/common/pdf/AirAsia/IR/AirAsia_AR10.pdf (Accessed 26 November 2011). 16. AirAsia (2008) Annual report. Available at http//www.airasia.com/iwov-resources/my/common/pdf/AirAsia/IR/AA%20Corporate